I've been reading
"Guide to Canadian Vegetable Gardening" by Douglas Green and for those of you who are planning on planting your tomatoes in containers, I thought you might find the following tips helpful:
TYPES OF CONTAINERSBigger containers are better because they hold more soil which means that the soile (and therefore the roots of the plants) won't dry out as quickly. Try to keep the pots cool - if the pot gets hot the soil gets hot, and when the soil gets hot the plant stops growing. DON'T use black pots - the soil in black pots can reach over 30 degrees on a hot summer day, which shuts the plant down. This guy recommends clay pots as they stay cooler (because they don't absorb as much sunlight and stay cooler as they evaporate water through the walls of the pot), but make sure they aren't GLAZED (also, the glaze can apparently leach). Make sure that whatever pot you use has drainage holes in the bottom! If you are reusing old pots, make sure to wash them thoroughly before planting this year, so that you clean away remnants of diseases.
THE RIGHT KIND OF SOIL FOR CONTAINERSThis guy recommends soilless mix which would include peat moss. He feels that in container gardening, any soil in the mix can easily become compacted which suffocates your plants. The peat moss absorbs and holds moisture. He also says that putting rocks or ceramic shards in the bottom of the container is an old wives tale. Mel Bartholemew in
"Square Foot Gardening" also advocates soilless mix for containers: his recipe is 1/3 course vermiculite, 1/3 peat moss and 1/3 compost.
** A note on peat moss - it is being suggested more and more that we try to avoid peat moss as the ancient bogs are being drained and harvested for the peat moss, thereby having a huge environmental impact. Has anyone heard of any replacements for peat moss?? **WATERING YOUR CONTAINERSYou must check and water your containers daily, and even twice a day during hot spells. This is because containers dry out much more quickly than in-ground gardens. If you let your container dry out, the calcium in the soil stops moving up the plant towards the tomato and then you'll develop things like blossom end rot (that black rotting bit on the bottom of your tomato). You may need to water daily, and water well - soak the plants so that water runs out of the bottom of your container. Water from BELOW the plant's foliage (ie don't use a sprinkler system - use either a watering can or a drip hose at the roots). Now, Mel Bartholomew writes that his mix requires only 2 x per week watering - I would say that it would be better to check your plants daily, though, to make sure.
FEEDING YOUR PLANTSBecause you are watering your plants so often, some of the nutrients will wash away with the water. And since your roots are confined to only the soil you've provided (ie those nutrients can't be replaced without your help) you'll need to feed the plants. Douglas Green recommends at least once per week, and Mel B's method requires every second week. Use an organic fertilizer (you can make your own, see below).
MULCH YOUR CONTAINERSDon't forget to mulch!! It will save you a lot of water, keep your soil cooler, and keep the weeds down. You can use straw, cocoa shells, or even pieces of cardboard. Mel B even says to use an old piece of carpet! You can use wood chips, too, but apparently they don't encourage the kind of bacteria you want for vegetables, so you don't want to mix them into your soil too much.
In my next post, I'll try to gather some information on PEST PREVENTION AND REMEDIES.
In the meantime, here is Mel Bartholomew's "Square Foot Gardening Basic, All-Purpose Fertilizer" (or you can buy some at a gardening centre)
1 part bloodmeal (available at gardening centres or Home Depot) *
2 part bonemeal (same as above) *
3 parts greensand (I know that Urban Harvest sells this:
http://www.uharvest.ca/)
4 parts composted leaf mold (I haven't seen this for sale, but perhaps at a garden centre?)
* I've found that bonemeal and bloodmeal help deter squirrels and racoons from your plants - I don't think they like the smell of 'death'.Another option, if you only have a couple of containers, is to get TerraCycle plant food, which is worm poop and plants seems to love it. It can be a bit more expensive, but you don't have to feed your plants as often as the container suggests.
ONE LAST NOTE: Depending on your variety, you might have to provide some vertical support for your tomatoes, too - it doesn't have to be a cage, any kind of upright structure (teepee shape or u-shape) will do. You can also support the plant on a railing, eavestrophe downspout, or whatever you have handy.